🎻 Basic Violin Holding Postures and Correct Techniques

一、持琴的基本姿势

中文

小提琴的持琴姿势主要有两种：站立式和坐式。

• 初学者最好从 站立式 开始练习，这样更容易建立稳定的习惯。
• 坐式多用于乐队排练或集体演奏。

站立持琴时要注意：

• 身体自然直立，两腿与肩同宽，略呈八字脚，重心均匀分配。
• 上半身要自然挺拔，避免弯腰、塌背、挺胸或凸肚。
• 身体姿态不能扭曲，否则难以长久保持正确的持琴姿势。

English

There are two main violin holding postures: standing and sitting.

• Beginners are recommended to start with the standing posture, as it helps build stability.
• The sitting posture is usually adopted in orchestras or ensemble playing.

Key points for standing:

• Keep the body upright, legs shoulder-width apart, feet slightly outward in a “V” shape, and distribute weight evenly.
• Maintain a natural, upright upper body; avoid slouching, arching the chest, or pushing the belly forward.
• Do not twist the body, as poor posture will make long-term playing difficult.

二、正确的持琴方法

中文

1. 左臂自然弯曲，向内翻转。
2. 提肩并收肩，使琴稳固在左肩上。
3. 下颌轻压腮托，让琴保持平稳。
4. 要求：即便不扶琴，小提琴也能水平挺立。
5. 常见错误：用左手紧抓琴颈，导致琴身过高或下垂。

English

1. Bend the left arm naturally inward.
2. Raise and slightly pull back the left shoulder to stabilize the violin.
3. Rest the chin gently on the chin rest to secure the instrument.
4. Key requirement: The violin should stay horizontal even without the support of the left hand.
5. Common mistake: Gripping the neck tightly with the left hand, causing the violin to tilt too high or hang too low.

三、持琴角度与姿态

中文

• 琴面与肩膀约 30°夹角，利于四根弦的运弓。
• 琴头与身体正面约 45°夹角，便于右手运弓和看谱。

English

• The violin top plate should form about a 30° angle with the shoulder, allowing bowing on all four strings.
• The scroll should point about 45° away from the front of the body, making bowing and sight-reading easier.

四、初学者常见问题

中文

初学者刚开始时，严格保持正确姿势往往只能坚持一两分钟，就会感到手酸或背痛。但要想把小提琴真正成为身体的一部分，没有捷径，唯有持之以恒的练习，逐渐适应正确姿势。

English

For beginners, maintaining the correct posture may only last for a minute or two before fatigue sets in. However, to truly integrate the violin into the body, there are no shortcuts — only consistent, patient practice will help you adapt and feel comfortable.

五、个体差异与辅助工具

中文

对于肩窄颈长的人，即使收肩，也可能难以稳固持琴。
解决办法：

• 使用 肩托（垫肩），增加支撑高度。
• 或者用柔软的布料代替，但应避免过厚，以免影响琴背板的震动和音色。

English

For players with narrow shoulders or long necks, holding the violin steadily may be difficult even with proper posture.
Possible solutions:

• Use a shoulder rest to provide extra support.
• Alternatively, place a soft cloth on the shoulder, though it should not be too thick, as it may dampen the back plate’s vibration and affect sound quality.

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